The Intersection of Climate Change and International Law: Obligations and Enforcement

Abstract

This paper explores the intersection of climate change and international law, emphasizing the legal obligations and enforcement mechanisms necessary to combat the global climate crisis. As climate change transcends national boundaries, it necessitates coordinated international efforts to mitigate its effects and adapt to its impacts. The study highlights key international legal instruments, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement, detailing their roles in establishing binding commitments for greenhouse gas emissions reductions. It also examines the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), which acknowledges the differing capabilities and responsibilities of developed and developing nations in addressing climate change. The paper discusses enforcement challenges, including the effectiveness of compliance mechanisms and dispute resolution processes within international law. Furthermore, it analyzes the need for innovative adaptation and mitigation strategies to ensure equitable distribution of responsibilities among states. The findings underscore the urgency of strengthening international legal frameworks to enhance accountability and foster collaborative action against climate change, ultimately promoting sustainable development and human rights protections.

Keywords- climate change, international law, greenhouse gas emissions, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, Common But Differentiated Responsibilities, enforcement mechanisms